Raspberry is a crop that needs high rates of nitrogen, for both fruit and cane production. Boron is an important element for raspberry. The plant grows in a wide range of soil types, from sandy to clay loams, ideally with pH at 5.8–6.5. Loamy soils with high (4–6%) organic matter are usually most productive. The soil structure and the sub-soil must enable good drainage. Raspberry is a chloride-sensitive species.